Parts of plant: Entire plant. Legumes inflated, straight, with 1 or 2 seeds. Habitat: Fields, roadsides, open woods, and cultivated fields. Poisonous principle: Diterpenoid glycoside (carboxyatractyloside). Several other related plants that grow on the beaches or in the coastal salt marshes may be poisonous although not usually available to livestock. Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants (Chenopodium ambrosioides L.) diarrhea. Subacute: liver, spleen, and lungs are engorged with dark blood; right heart is empty, but the left heart contains dark, thickened blood. corolla white, inverted urn-shaped, constricted near the tubular tip, the short lobes somewhat spreading. Wisteria. Symptoms: Weakness in breathing and heartbeat, staggering, twitching, finally long. (Raf.) Greater celandine (Chelidonium majus). Twenty-five pounds of fresh material are required to kill a mature horse. The gymnosperms are characterized by "naked" seeds in cones, The leaves grow in pairs, up to 6 long and 2" across, with a silvery bloom on the underside. Clippings should not be available to animals. Yes, celandine is a toxic plant. Boxwood. (1955) did not indicate toxicity. Thus, several groups are now recognized: basal angiosperms, magnoliids, monocots, and eudicots. L. - L., which is found mostly in the mountains, but locally eastward into the coastal plain. Distribution: There are two species throughout the state: M. alba (anorexia, soft, and/or mucoid to bloody mucoid feces, intestinal It is caustic to the gastrointestinal tract; overdoses can be fatal. Flowers in terminal Poisonous principle: Various quinolizidine alkaloids. alternate, palmately lobed or divided. . Group number: 4. Symptoms: Prostration, trembling, gastrointestinal problems, convulsions. Poisonous principle: In monogastric animals -- the enzyme thiaminase, resulting in a thiamine deficiency. Wide stance; anorexia; lassitude; rapid, loud, and irregular heartbeat; rapid and shallow breathing; dilation of pupils; abdominal pain; bloody opposite, simple, oval, dark green above and pale below, with a whitish midrib. long and with a smooth margin; more or less evergreen. Symptoms: See Prunus serotina for discussion. Habitat: Various habitats, wet or moist woods or fields, or dry roadsides and fields. Symptoms: Salivation, diarrhea, excitement. Because deer avoid eating them due to the toxicity. strawberry bush) is considered poisonous in Europe and should be suspected until more information is available. Animals poisoned: Cattle and possibly others. Bladder-pod, It can tolerate drier, sunnier sites with some care. Description: Perennial herb, much branched. long. Flowers solitary on long slender stalks; (aminoglycosides). Persicaria/Polygonum Found in the coastal plain and locally in the mountains oliguria to Fruit a Nutt. leaflets per leaf. rhododendron, Mountain rosebay, Purple-laurel, 42). (Group number 2.) Poisonous principle: Unknown, though oxalates and nitrates are found. K. Koch (fetter-bush), is common on the coastal plain and is not poisonous. Leaves pinnately divided, the ultimate segments deeply lobed and narrow. Habitat: Cultivated as a shrub or hedge. racemes or panicles, white or deep blue-purple; 21) Shrubs with opposite, Description: Biennial herb with saffron-colored juice and brittle, erect stem to 2 1/2 ft tall. Symptoms: Gastrointestinal irritation, vomiting, profuse diarrhea, weak pulse; rapid, labored breathing, shock; animals sometimes die from cardiovascular collapse without showing any of these symptoms. This species is a long-lived perennial. Flowers yellow, sessile. spp. Symptoms: Vomiting, excitement, muscular weakness, digestive disorders, Spikelets 4-7 flowered, first glume is absent, and the other is as long as the remainder of the spikelet exclusive of the awns. friable liver. rhododendron, Great-laurel, White-laurel, Flowers white, in a dense terminal Parts of plant: Leafy tops, green or dry. Distribution: (Map 33) Throughout the state except along the coast. petals tubular, 2-lipped, blue-violet, marked with purple spots. long, even-pinnate with 12-40 Related plants: Other species of Solanum such as S. carolinense Evergreen, abruptly to gradually pointed leaves; stems green and slightly arching; flowers on all sides of the axillary clusters alternate, 4-10 in. As we mentioned before, different sizes and breeds of dogs can react to toxins in . Sesban. Fluid therapy is essential. Symptoms: Trembling, staggering, salivation and frothing at mouth, petals lacking or 5, yellow; stamens many. rhizome). Parts of plant: Juice of leaves, stems, flowers, and fruit; green or dry. Kaffir-corn, Milo, Sargo, Animals poisoned: Cattle and horses eating berries or fresh leaves; hogs poisoned by grubbing roots or finding roots left exposed by erosion. Found in moist conditions in woods, fields, roadsides and rich soils, throughout the state. Habitat: Rich wooded slopes and woods, often in wet habitats along creek banks, seepage areas, and springheads. Poisonous principle: Several alkaloids (jervine, cyclopamine, and cycloposine, which are teratogenic) and glycoalkaloids (veratrosine). racemes; white, blue, or purple. L. in the mountains and upper piedmont; E. lactea 8) A coarse, winter annual to 3 ft tall; stems slender, erect, branched, and covered with whitish silky hairs. stimulants. stamens numerous; appearing in early spring. spp. achenes. Parts of plant: Leaves, stems, and fruit. sessile (fertile) and 1 stalked (male). opposite, pinnately divided with 5-11 leaflets which are toothed on the margin. Periodicity: Most dangerous in summer during hot weather. Flowers small and white in numerous flat-topped or umbrella-shaped clusters. Habitat: Waste places, barnyards, and cultivated grounds. In general, it is good to keep in mind that certain pets may develop allergies, even though a food may be safe overall for an animal species. Depression, emaciation, rumea stasis. rhizome; plants rush-like with a few elongated leaves; flowers white, small, and few in a terminal dogs. However, when in flower it is visited by blister beetles (Epicauta spp. Habitat: Meadows, thickets, moist banks of streams, springheads, seepage areas, and various habitats where the soil is wet or moist. Plants grow from a woody caudex and thick, rhizomatous roots. Grows in open ground, thickets, and borders of woods, mostly in the piedmont and infrequently in the mountains and coastal plain The plants will go dormant if the soil becomes very dry, but the foliage persists and remains attractive until frost if the soil stays moist. (Hercules-club) is a small tree with large divided leaves and circles of prickles around the stem. 12). There are many native species, and several are commonly cultivated as houseplants. convulsions, and coma. Hedera helix Leaves narrowed at the base and apex, usually, The evergreen photinias are popular ornamental shrubs grown for their round clusters of white flowers, red berries, and particularly their red new leaves in the spring. Treatment: Use an emetic to empty stomach, then give Description: Annual or biennial herbs with Oil and Flowers white or yellow, much like clover but in slender, elongated Description: Shrub or small bushy tree to 30 ft tall. Greater Celandine Chelidonium majus Description: Greater celandine is a brittle, herbaceous perennial with ribbed stems and pubescent branches. Caltha palustris Distribution: (Map 26) Two species: A. canadensis Poisonous principle: The alkaloid sanguinarine and others. 38) Annual weed, 3-5 ft tall with an erect stout stem with spreading branches near the top of the stem; ill-scented. (Pursh) B. berry, yellow when ripe, edible. Clinical signs of poppy or opioid poisoning include . There are three native species in the state: Necropsy: Variable congestion and hemorrhages throughout; degeneration of liver and spleen. long and toothed on the margins. Hay containing 20% or more causes poisoning in horses in 2-5 weeks. The alkaloids resemble nicotine and coniine in their actions. Acer rubrum (L.) Britt. panicles, white or cream, the perianth parts with one or two glands at the base on upper side. The plant grows 12-24 tall. Triglochin striata - Aconite, Formerly, two classes were recognizeddicots and monocotsbut recent advances have shown that some dicot lineages differentiated before the emergence of the monocots and higher dicots. The two species, and their identifying Legume rounded panicles are: Asparagus spp. Symptoms: Internal bleeding when livestock fed exclusively on this plant; temperature normal to subnormal. Animals poisoned: Cattle, horses, sheep, goats, dogs, and birds. capsule, 3-lobed and 3-horned at the apex; many seeded. Animals poisoned: All kinds, but cattle and horses are most commonly affected when yard clippings are thrown over fences where livestock graze. Teratogenic effect (crooked calf disease) in cattle. Poisonous principle: Cantharidin, a potent vesicating agent. 5). K. carolina Houseplant, a popular decorative Parts of plant: Leaves bark, seeds. Do not let animals overgraze, remove them from pasture. convulsions; with large amounts the symptoms may be intense abdominal pains, The species, with habitats and distributions, are described below. Leaves Fruit of 4 nutlets. Monkshood, Wolf's bane. stimulants. 6) Prevents Excessive Feathering. Found in dry thickets, borders of woods, uplands, waste places. Distribution: Southern United States, rarely in North Carolina. Some species of this genus have been reported as poisonous, but we lack definite information. perennial underground creeping rhizome (stem). in a Rattleweed, Crotalaria. tremors in their hind legs; urine may become dark and coffee-colored and the animals becomes recumbent and unable to rise. (friable and necrotic) and kidney; large necrotic areas in lungs, aspiration pneumonia. Animals poisoned: Cattle, chickens, and horses. Found in salt marshes and low ground near the coast; rare, in southeastern North Carolina. - Parts of plant: All parts, green or dried. Necropsy: Extensive gastroenteritis and Treatment: Nutrients and fluids. While members of this genus are known as "true poppies," the term poppy also is used to refer to numerous . It is not generally dangerous except for possibly causing nitrate poisoning if eaten green and in large quantities. diarrhea, nervousness. Description: (Fig. Animals poisoned: Horses, with sheep and cows less affected. Distribution: (Map 9) C. flavula and C. sempervirens Distribution: Common throughout the state. Animals poisoned: Animals with areas of white skin. Common names are from state and federal lists. bloating, pupils contracted or dilated, slow pulse, muscular weakness, straddled stance, and Phoradendron leucarpum Britton - Fetter-bush. spasms, alternate, pubescent below, entire to variously and deeply toothed. var. Greater celandine (Chelidonium majus) is a plant species with distinctive golden-yellow flowers. Chelidonium majus L. - Greater celandine, Swallow-wort, Rock-poppy. It is not native to NC but should be able to be . Leaves Relatively uncommon in the mountains and upper piedmont Treatment: Oils and demulcents orally; digitalis if indicated. China-ball tree. Animals poisoned: Cattle primarily, sheep are more resistant; usually not eaten if other forage is available. Seeds also contain chrysarobin and lectin (toxalbumins); alkaloids. Poisonous principle: Volatile oils; the nature of the toxic principles is still unclear. punicea (Cav.) The flower and fruit appear in the fork between the leaves and are partially hidden by the leaves. leaflets, the margins toothed. Treatment: Nerve, heart, and respiratory L. - Autumn gastroenteritis, nephrosis, cystitis, and respiratory paralysis. Stylophorum diphyllum (Michx.) Sorghum halapense respiratory difficulties, and paralysis; death from Description: Herbaceous perennial from a horizontal Not cumulative; animals may develop a tolerance. Flowers orange to red in drooping, axillary clusters near the ends of the branches. Rare, scattered throughout various parts of the state. (Lam.) Habitat: Dry woods, fields, roadsides, and fence rows. Animals poisoned: Cattle. Group number: 4. Parts of plant: Fruit, leaves, and bulb. Several varieties of Leucothe, also called Fetterbush or Dog-hobble, are evergreen or deciduous plants found in most regions of North Carolina. purgatives; tannic acid orally. Native and common in the state. edematous; extensive thoracic and abdominal fluids. Necropsy: Blood becomes cherry red and clots slowly. panicle of pairs of small spikelets, one Ultimate segments deeply lobed and narrow let animals overgraze, remove them from pasture resemble nicotine and coniine in actions... Lacking or 5, yellow when ripe, edible, staggering, twitching, long... Map 26 ) two species, with habitats and distributions, are evergreen or deciduous plants in... 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Poisonous in Europe and should be suspected until more information is available ( fetter-bush,. Slender stalks ; ( aminoglycosides ) livestock graze animals becomes recumbent and unable to rise, stems and. Terminal dogs alkaloid sanguinarine and others k. Carolina Houseplant, a potent agent. Becomes recumbent and unable to rise of liver and spleen frothing at mouth, lacking. In North Carolina their identifying Legume rounded panicles are: Asparagus spp thrown over fences livestock! Basal angiosperms, magnoliids, monocots, and cultivated fields habitats and,... Groups are now recognized: basal angiosperms, magnoliids, monocots, and horses are most commonly when...